However, because tyrosine is made from phenylalanine, people with PKU can become deficient in tyrosine, which can contribute to behavioral problems Supplementing with tyrosine may be a viable option for alleviating these symptoms, but the evidence is mixed. In one review, researchers investigated the effects of tyrosine supplementation alongside or in place of a phenylalanine-restricted diet on intelligence, growth, nutritional status, mortality rates and quality of life The researchers analyzed two studies including 47 people but found no difference between supplementing with tyrosine and a placebo.
A review of three studies including 56 people also found no significant differences between supplementing with tyrosine and a placebo on the outcomes measured The researchers concluded that no recommendations could be made about whether tyrosine supplements are effective for the treatment of PKU. Depression is thought to occur when the neurotransmitters in your brain become unbalanced.
Antidepressants are commonly prescribed to help realign and balance them Tyrosine was found to have no antidepressant effects Depression is a complex and varied disorder.
This is likely why a food supplement like tyrosine is ineffective at combating its symptoms. Nevertheless, depressed individuals with low levels of dopamine, adrenaline or noradrenaline may benefit from supplementing with tyrosine. In fact, one study among individuals with dopamine-deficient depression noted that tyrosine provided clinically significant benefits Dopamine-dependent depression is characterized by low energy and a lack of motivation Until more research is available, the current evidence does not support supplementing with tyrosine to treat symptoms of depression It has been supplemented safely at a dose of 68 mg per pound mg per kg of body weight per day for up to three months 15 , 29 , Tyramine is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure and is produced by the breakdown of tyrosine.
Tyramine accumulates in foods when tyrosine and phenylalanine are converted to tyramine by an enzyme in microorganisms Cheeses like cheddar and blue cheese, cured or smoked meats, soy products and beer contain high levels of tyramine Antidepressant medications known as monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs block the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down excess tyramine in the body 2 , 32 , However, it is unknown if supplementing with tyrosine may lead to a buildup of tyramine in the body, so caution is necessary for those taking MAOIs 34 , The thyroid hormones triiodothyronine T3 and thyroxine T4 help regulate growth and metabolism in the body.
Supplementing with tyrosine may influence these hormones This is because tyrosine is a building block for the thyroid hormones, so supplementing with it might raise their levels too high. Therefore, people who are taking thyroid medications or have an overactive thyroid should be cautious when supplementing with tyrosine. Interestingly, tyrosine is being investigated for alleviating some of the symptoms associated with cognitive decline in older adults 38 , NALT is more water-soluble than its free-form counterpart, but it has a low conversion rate to tyrosine in the body 40 , This means that you would need a larger dose of NALT than tyrosine to get the same effect, making the free-form the preferred choice.
Tyrosine is commonly taken in doses of —2, mg 30—60 minutes before exercise, even though its benefits on exercise performance remains inconclusive 42 , It does seem to be effective for preserving mental performance during physically stressful situations or periods of sleep deprivation when taken in doses ranging from 45—68 mg per pound — mg per kg of body weight. These higher doses may cause gastrointestinal upset and be split into two separate doses, taken 30 and 60 minutes prior to a stressful event.
There is good evidence that supplementing with tyrosine replenishes these important neurotransmitters and improves mental function, compared to a placebo. Supplementing with it has been shown to be safe, even in high doses, but has the potential to interact with certain medications, warranting caution.
While tyrosine has many benefits, their significance remains unclear until more evidence is available. Nootropics are drugs or supplements that can boost brain function. Here are 10 nootropic supplements proven to have brain-boosting benefits.
L-tyrosine is an amino acid the building block of a protein with some pretty cool benefits for your brain, focus, stress management and more.
Getting plenty of tyrosine, either through diet or from a supplement, can make a major difference in your brain function. Keep reading to learn how it works, how to take it and all the bonuses it offers. But if you have plenty of tyrosine in your bloodstream, that extra stash will replenish the neurotransmitters before stress can deplete them, allowing you to stay sharp for longer without getting burned out.
And because tyrosine is a building block for so many major brain chemicals, it benefits you in a lot of different ways. Tyrosine keeps your brain performing at its best during stress and improves your focus with tasks that demand mental endurance. Dopamine also influences serotonin, and together, the two are thought to play a central role in regulating your mood. If managing stress helps boost your mood, give it a try.
It seems reasonable to think that tyrosine would be great for you if you have an underactive thyroid, but that might not be true. In mice, tyrosine replenished thyroid hormones that were low due to stress. In fact, some hormone doctors report that patients who take tyrosine see a further decrease in thyroid function. In theory, that could happen because tyrosine boosts norepinephrine, which regulates thyroid hormones and is already often too high in people with hypothyroidism. However, as the study looked at dietary tyrosine, it does not provide guidance about the potential risks and benefits of tyrosine supplements.
Some research has found that tyrosine kinase inhibitors could play a role in the treatment of thyroid or lung cancer. A kinase inhibitor blocks the effects of kinases, which add phosphate to a protein and potentially change its function.
This suggests, but does not prove, that changes in how tyrosine behaves may play a role in the development of certain cancers.
Some foods that are rich in phenylalanine, which the body needs to synthesize tyrosine, include :. Vegetarians and vegans may need to focus on eating more high protein foods, such as tofu, to ensure that they get enough tyrosine and other amino acids. A doctor or dietitian can offer advice on how people with PKU can get enough tyrosine without eating phenylalanine.
A person can also take a tyrosine supplement, but the right dosage varies among individuals. It is important to talk with a doctor before taking any new supplements. Tyrosine is vital for good health, and its absence can mean that the body does not make enough neurotransmitters to support attention, cognition, and mood.
Whole foods rich in phenylalanine can help a person meet their daily tyrosine needs, but meeting these needs can be difficult for people with PKU. A doctor can help these individuals understand how to get enough tyrosine. People without PKU considering tyrosine supplements should weigh the risks and benefits, especially if they are over the age of 60 years, since some research suggests high levels of tyrosine may be harmful after this age.
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