For Tires For Auto Service. Is Redlining Your Car Bad? What is Redlining? So for example, if you accelerate your car and the gauge reaches the 3, your tires are spinning at 3, rotations per minute. When drivers accelerate quick enough, the gauge may reach into this zone -- and that is called redlining. Consistently redlining your car can cause serious damage to not only your tires, but also your engine. For those with manual-shift modes or manual transmissions, it can be quite easy to redline whether on accident or on purpose and eventually cause your engine to wear down prematurely.

Other aspects of your car may also suffer from consistent redlining over time. Same thing with the rev limiter. Remember: after the warranty runs out, it's up to you to know what the difference is between "use" and "abuse. Navigation Menu. Wish List. Please reference our International Shipping Policy for details. International Shipping Policy. Self-Service Returns.

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Engine Redlining Redline on tachometer The term redline is said to come from the fact that you are reaching the red lines on a tachometer RPM counter , hence the name. Just remember never to do this while the engine is still cold! Engine care: 5 ways to keep your motor purring Can you mix two different engine oil brands with the same viscosity? Water spots: How to prevent them from occurring. Windows fogging up: How to prevent this from happening.

You may choose to propose a different plan for resolving your case by agreement or you may reject the offer and go to trial. In a traffic violation trial, the State will begin by calling its witness es. Usually, this includes the officer who gave you the ticket. The officer testifies under oath. You have a right to ask the officer questions if you wish.

Once the State is finished presenting its case, you have the right to call witnesses and testify yourself if you wish. If you choose to testify, you will do so under oath. Once both sides are finished with their presentations, the judge will tell you her or his decision.

If you wish to appeal the decision made by the judge, you have 21 days to do so. You will be required to pay the fine and filing fee for any appeal made. If you are successful on appeal, you will receive your fine money back.

Receiving a trial date If you contest one or more violations on your ticket within the time allowed to respond, you will receive a Notice of Trial by mail. Where will your trial be held?

How to submit proof documents 1. Traffic Violations Trial Process On the date and time of your traffic trial, you must appear at the location of the District Court indicated on your Notice of Trial. There is no membership section where you log in to see members-only declarations. If you are a newly paid member with a ticket of this type and violation, this declaration example will be emailed to you once I receive your membership fee and one of us has had a chance to review your registration information.

This can often take up to a day. Please be patient. If you are a returning paid member requesting additional examples past your first request, please send us a copy of the ticket you need help with.

We need to verify the ticket belongs to the member membership is only for one person. Also, we do not work at night. We have regular business hours just like everybody else. So, if you register at PM, the soonest response you can expect is late morning the following day.

I have newer, updated versions of all the declarations on this page. The old ones are still good but the new ones are better. If you are NOT a paid member , please support the site by becoming one. Paying your membership fee allows me to continue maintaining this website and helping unfairly ticketed motorists like you. As a Ticket Assassin Member, your membership fee supports my website.

As such, I will support and encourage your fight to win your case. My twenty years of experience in fighting traffic tickets is at your disposal, including ongoing research into contesting strategies. Why should you always fight your traffic ticket?

Even where an explanation doesn't amount to a full legal defense to the violation, the judge might accept your explanation as grounds to lower the fine amount. Emergencies—not of your own making—can justify a violation under the "necessity" defense. The key to this defense is to prove that it was necessary to commit the violation in order to avoid a much greater harm. For example, an unlicensed driver who nevertheless gets behind the wheel to transport a seriously injured child to the hospital could likely beat a ticket for driving without a license under the necessity defense.

The information provided on this site is not legal advice, does not constitute a lawyer referral service, and no attorney-client or confidential relationship is or will be formed by use of the site. The attorney listings on this site are paid attorney advertising. In some states, the information on this website may be considered a lawyer referral service. Please reference the Terms of Use and the Supplemental Terms for specific information related to your state.

Grow Your Legal Practice. Meet the Editors. Strategies for Fighting a Traffic Ticket. Here's how to fight your speeding or traffic ticket. Show Up in Court and Get Lucky Although there's not much actual strategy involved, drivers sometimes beat tickets in court just by showing up.

Challenge the Officer's Subjective Conclusion With some traffic violations, it comes down to whether the officer's subjective conclusion is reasonable. Challenge the Officer's Observations With many types of violations, the accuracy of the officer's observations is key. Show Your Violation Resulted From a "Mistake of Fact" Judges often give some leeway with regard to circumstances beyond a driver's control.

Show the Violation Was Necessary to Avoid a Greater Harm Emergencies—not of your own making—can justify a violation under the "necessity" defense. In case it isn't obvious, a legitimate necessity defense doesn't come up very often.

If you cannot show by your own or witnesses' own first-hand knowledge that the other party violated the order, the court will not find contempt.

Does the other person have a reasonable excuse for the violation? Usually, once you have shown the order is valid and the other person knows about the order but has violated it, they must either show a reasonable excuse for parenting plan violations or inability to obey despite reasonable efforts child support and parenting plan cases.

If they can show one of these, a contempt motion may be a waste of time. Is contempt the best option? The next section explains other possible options. Get legal advice about your situation. Demand letter : Send the other party a letter by regular and certified mail explaining the violations and asking them to correct them. Keep a copy of the letter for your own records.

This might lead to an agreed solution. Even if it does not lead to an agreed solution, sending this letter can show the court later that. Keep your letter specific, polite, and business-like. Motion to Clarify : Use this when a court order is vague or unclear. Example : The order just says "reasonable visitation. Our website has a list of packets you might use. Enforcement and collection : For many kinds of money, support, and property orders, collection actions such as wage assignment, garnishment, or foreclosure are better than contempt.

The Child Support Division of DSHS provides free collection services for child support and spousal maintenance if there is also a child support order.

Dispute resolution : Your parenting plan may require you to try an alternative procedure to court first if you disagree about the parenting plan. Even if you do not have a parenting plan, your court order may require this. Defending a modification motion. Filing a Motion for Contempt might cause the other party to file a motion to change the court order. Example : They may ask the court to lower child support or for different residential time. If you are not ready to defend against this type of motion, do not file for contempt.

Defending a contempt motion. If you have not obeyed the Court's orders yourself, the other party may respond to your contempt motion by filing their own contempt motion against you. Or they may argue that your violation of the order prevents them from obeying it. Emotional cost. Going to court often creates hard feelings. It may upset your children.

It can increase the risk of the other party behaving destructively. You cannot use contempt to force property settlement payments, unless they are related to child support or maintenance. The Court order is invalid because the court had no authority to act subject matter jurisdiction , or you were not served with legal notice in the original case personal jurisdiction. Frequently Asked Questions about Jurisdiction.

You did not violate the order. Example : The motion asks for back due support. You have proof of payment. If the charge is not paying child support, and you claim you are unable to pay, you must show you tried hard to get work, save money, or otherwise follow the order.

Violating a family law order, such as child custody or spousal support , could lead to both prison time and a fine for being held in civil contempt. As civil contempt is intended to force the non-compliant individual to comply with a court order, this is not typically the first action the court will take.

However, if required, the court could technically imprison an individual until they comply. A person found in civil contempt cannot be found in criminal contempt for the same conduct in North Carolina. The judge must determine if the court order is valid and ensure that the individual required to comply with said order had the ability to do so.

To enforce an order by civil contempt, an individual must willfully fail to comply with the order. This power of punishing for contempt is confined to punishment during the session of the legislature and cannot extend beyond it, and it seems this power cannot be exerted beyond imprisonment. Courts of justice have an inherent power to punish all persons for contempt of their rules and orders, for disobedience of their process, and for disturbing them in their proceedings.

In some states, as in Pennsylvania, the power to punish for contempt is restricted to offenses committed by the officers of the court, or in its presence, or in disobedience of its mandates, orders, or rules. However, no one is guilty of contempt for any publication made or act done out of court which is not in violation of such lawful rules or orders or disobedience of its process. Similar provisions limiting the power of the courts of the United States to punish for contempt are incorporated in 28 U.

When a person is in prison for contempt, it has been decided in New York that he cannot be discharged by another judge when brought before him on a habeas corpus. This version of contempt is the willful failure to obey a court order. These two types of contempt are also known as direct contempt in the court and indirect contempt outside of the court.

The third, and rarest, form of contempt is criminal contempt. This form of contempt is imposed when someone deliberately acts to obstruct justice. Criminal contempt can be handed down when someone threatens a witness or judge, does something to hide or obscure evidence, or deliberately disobeys a Court Order after being directed not to do so again.

Judges have broad discretion in leveling contempt of court, and they use many factors to determine whether to hold someone responsible and whether the contempt is civil or criminal. These factors can include the nature of the court proceeding and the severity of the act.

Contempt of court can carry a number of penalties , which are often referred to as sanctions. This jail time can be very serious in cases of criminal contempt, and the contempt can carry other penalties as well, depending on how serious the infraction was.

In a case of direct contempt of court, the procedure and punishment are immediate and swift. The judge simply declares that the offender has been found in contempt. The judge then immediately adds the punishment, which usually is a fine, confinement for a day or two, or both.

In rare cases, confinement can extend to several months, or until further Order of the Court — whenever that may be.

This punishment, however, cannot be arbitrary. The judge is required to record the conduct and the punishment, and the conduct must be offensive, interfere with the proceedings or both, and the punishment should fit the offense.

Adaptation is an evolutionary process that helps an organism make the most of its habitat. Seed dispersal is an example of adaptation. Fires are common in Australia, so some plants have adapted and become well suited to make the most of it. Mangrove trees have seeds that float, making the most of their watery environment.

Science is an attempt to explain the natural world. Evolution explores how groups of living things have changed over long periods of time, for example, how plants have developed different ways to disperse their seeds. Add to collection. Nature of science Science is an attempt to explain the natural world. Go to full glossary Add 0 items to collection.

Download 0 items. Twitter Pinterest Facebook Instagram. Email Us. See our newsletters here. If seeds are not dispersed, germinating seedlings will crowd the parent plant, competing for light, space, water and nutrients.

Seed shape and characteristics help determine the best method. Plants attract birds to their seeds with color and size, providing bright fruits or large nuts as a food source. The birds then disperse the seeds a number of ways. Once the seeds have contact with the soil, they might be able to germinate into a new generation of plants. However, there is a down-side to having large seeds. The larger and heavier the seed, the more difficult it becomes to disperse it effectively by wind, or explosive techniques.

All of these require light seeds. Seeds such as Foxglove are minute and are easily blown about by the wind. Larger wind-dispersed seeds are generally heavier and therefore require features such as parachutes or wings to help keep them aloft. For example, Dandelion seeds have developed very light and fluffy parachute-like structures. These help the seeds to float in the wind and delays their fall to the ground.

This delay allows the seeds to be carried further. The largest and heaviest wind-dispersed seeds, such as Sycamore cannot rely on hair-like parachutes to keep them airborne. They would have to be enormous to be effective. Instead they have developed a wing which causes them to spin through the air like mini helicopters. This again delays their fall. The biggest seeds of all cannot possibly be dispersed by the wind.

Large seeds such as nuts, are a valuable food for some animals.

Car warmed up: 0. It does not change. Since this was fishy Next I unplugged the sensor completely. No O2-sensor light illuminates on cluster. The bulb is fine because it illuminates during ignition. It is obvious this has nothing to do with the sensor I spliced in because regardless, if the sensor is disconnected I should get the CE light.

Now I am completely lost on where to go. On a car, the check engine lamp is designed to come on when the computer sees NO O2 sensor activity for 5 minutes after the engine reaches 80C. Shop foreman dealer MB technical information Specialist 15 years E 2. The computer cycles every 10 minutes or so. After replacing O2 sensor the manual calls out for light and heavy use with engine warm for 30 minutes to set the system.

Doc -- You are right on the money. After about 15minutes driving I saw the light come on. OK -- so I have established the ECU recognizes the O2 sensor, now going back to the test procedure: Do you put the DMM inline between the two wires or do you need to measure it using an alligator clip and ground the other side of the DMM? Which is the correct way?

I want to double check my basic tests before going further. I want to make sure that is correct and then we can talk about why from there. I don't understand this at all I grounded the other and monitored it while driving. I am getting I don't get it. Lee over at Fastlane is ordering me the EHA Test Harness so I should have that soon, but in the interim I really want to get my head around having a reading that makes sense from the O2 sensor Last edited by ps2cho; at PM.

Nobody here ever tested their O2 sensor? Chas H. Therefore, in most modern vehicles a car can run just fine without a cat. Please note, this is not to say running without a cat is good for the environment. Gisella Oelkers Teacher. How can you tell if an oxygen sensor is bad? Here are some of the most common signs that your oxygen sensor is bad. A Glowing Check Engine Light. The bright orange Check Engine light in your dashboard will usually glow if you have a bad oxygen sensor. Bad Gas Mileage.

An Engine That Sounds Rough. An Emissions Test Failure. An Older Vehicle. Sandeep Menkhaus Teacher. Are Bank 1 and Bank 2 o2 sensors the same? A typical in-line 4-cylinder engine has only one bank Bank 1. Therefore, in an in-line 4-cylinder engine, the term " Bank 1 , Sensor 1 " simply refers to the front oxygen sensor. A V6 or V8 engine has two banks or two parts of that "V". Naha Bestov Beginner. What does a car do when the oxygen sensor is bad?

If the oxygen sensor is going bad , the fuel-delivery and fuel-combustion systems will be thrown off. If a bad oxygen sensor disrupts the air to fuel ratio mixture, or too much fuel is injected into the engine, your vehicle's gas mileage will be reduced. Anabela Galoganov Beginner. Should I replace all o2 sensors at once? Do I need to replace all of my oxygen sensors at once? It is best to replace your sensors in pairs. For example, if you replace the downstream left sensor , you should also replace the downstream right.

It is probable that on most vehicles, the code will be set within days AFTER the first sensor replacement. Flor Segura Beginner. Is it hard to change o2 sensor? Oxygen sensors are necessary for vehicles to combine the proper ratio of gas and oxygen into fuel. Depending on the make and model, your vehicle could have 2 to 4 of them to replace.

Has it thrown a code yet? Check vacuum lines and intake hoses for cracks and leaks. They're sensitive to leaks. It'll think it's really lean, and dump in a bunch of fuel to compensate. If so, plug in and look at the sensor readings. Could be a number of suspects, this just got me more thinking about how the system would react if one were to disconnect the sensor.

Any stored codes? Turn ignition to the on position, pump gas pedal to wot and release 5 times in quick succession - count the number of times the cel light flashes - will give one long flash followed by blinking. Count the blinks. My e28 would run really rough when it rained hard - shorted out the 02 wires. If you pulled the battery cable for a few minutes it would reset and run fine until the next time it got soaked.

I don't actually run an o2 sensor on the MX6. From what i understand, it could technically be "pre OBD-1," but it does throw a code. OBD1 has no limp home mode. Once it sets the code, and doesn't correct itself, it will go into a default setting. On a number of older cars I've disconnected the O2 sensor, and haven't seen diddly in the way of change in how the engine ran.

That may be a reflection of the state of the O2 sensor in each of those cases.

In addition, exam questions are expected to be updated to reflect the changes to the accredited investor definition on May 1, Exam FAQs. Please see below for answers to frequently asked questions about the Series 63, 65 and 66 exams. If I pass a Series 65 examination, is that all I need to do to qualify as an accredited investor? How do I sign up for an exam? How do I sign up for an examination? What do the exams cost? Do I need to have a sponsor before I take the Series 63, 65, or 66?

Once I file the form and pay the fee, when can I take the exam? Where are the exams given? Does passing an exam immediately qualify me to do business? How long is the validity period for an exam if I have not been registered? Where can I get more help with studying for the exams? You can find a list of vendors on this site.

My scores on the Series 65 or Series 66 average a passing grade, but the testing center said I failed; is that correct? I gave an answer on the test from my study guide that was scored wrong. I have passed the Series 7 exam; do I also need the Series 63 to register as a registered representative for a broker-dealer? How do I apply for a waiver of the Series 65 based on my professional certification? Will having a qualifying professional designation also waive the requirement for taking the Series 66?

How long must I wait after failing an exam before I can take it again? Are waivers granted to the day waiting period to re-take the exam?

Is there a limit on the number of times I can re-take an exam? If I failed the Series 66, does the waiting period apply if I want to take the Series 63 or Series 65?

No; the waiting period applies only to the specific exam you did not pass. I have older study materials for the Series Can I still use them? How can I report a problem that occurred on my exam? Where do I get a certificate or other evidence of passing the exam? I need special accommodations when taking the exam. How are such arrangements made?

I work in a state that does not license investment adviser representatives. Will my Series 65 exam remain valid? When I transfer to another firm, do I have to do anything to keep my license? Do I need to pass the Series 63 if I am just taking orders for securities? Do I need to pass the Series 65 if I am just soliciting clients for an investment adviser or getting referral fees? Which version of the Uniform Securities Act should I study to prepare for my exam? No; there are no citizenship limitations on taking the Series 63, 65, or Are exams given outside of the United States?

If I want to use the Series 66 in combination with the Series 7, do I need to take one of the exams before the other? Should I take the Series 65 or Series 66? My day exam window is about to close, but I need more time to study. Can I get an extension? I would like a refund. What should I do? I decided not to take the exam. Can I get a refund? The good news is that if you do not pass the 65 exam, you receive a report showing your performance in each subject, which will greatly assist you in passing the 65 the next time you sit for the exam.

By using the information given you can determine what areas you are strong in and what areas need more of your attention. She is also a registered notary.

Sheri Mushel. Robert J. Hello Sheri, All good advice for Series 65 candidates. I have a degree in business administration, economics and political science. Thanks Sheri! I certainly enjoy working with you.

Hello Sheri, Great read!! I felt very confident when I started my test,but I was blindsided and thought they accidentally keyed in the wrong test. I failed the test. Please advise. Joseph, what happened? Sheri, should I get a refund and use a different system? Toggle navigation. Share your thoughts and opinions with the author or other readers.

All I used was the TesTeachers online course. I felt very prepared and confident in the exam. I have actually started offering webinars and tutoring for the Series 65 along with the Series 6, 63, and 26 exams. If people are having trouble, or looking for help in passing these exams, please check out www. I did the same thing. I used TestTeachers and felt very confident going in to take the test. I could explain why the answers were what they were.

Then, taking the testWHAM! Nothing like the practice test. You took yours in February of ; what did you use to pass? Is that a typo, or how is that broken down exactly? The practice exam itself can't take more than 3 hours or so, so are you suggesting another 13 hours of studying for it after the initial hours are completed?

To me it seems like that would just be written as roughly 40 hours of studying plus the practice exam, but maybe I'm missing something. Also, would you recommend the Kaplan online program if cost is not an issue? I am trying to schedule a trip to Europe immediately after passing the exam and I'm not sure how long I need to budget for that. I have a 5-year CPA-track education and no current job to distract me, so I can focus on studying.

Thank you for the helpful information! Ethan, The 16 additional hours for the practice exam was for studying for the questions you got wrong. Most people study for this a total of about 40 hours. If you want to email me directly, please do so at smushel riainfo. I am pretty sure I work with the advisor you are going to work with. I received an email this weekend from our client who was talking about a new hire named Ethan who is studying for the 65 and is going to Europe.

If you are located in Oregon, I am sure it is you and would be happy to talk to you about the whole process. It was nothing like what they we coaching me on. I'm looking for another course; Robert Walker Just saying this with immense pride, my 18 year old son just passed the exam. He self taught himself the material after his high school graduation and will be attending college this year to pursue his finance major. Congratulations to your son! Tell him to be in touch when he graduates. Develop and improve products.

List of Partners vendors. Series 63 is an examination that, when passed, allows the holder to sell and solicit orders for any type of financial securities in a particular state. Most states, but not all, require a person to pass the Series 63 exam to become a licensed securities agent.

Series 63 is also the name of the license awarded after passing the exam. A person can retake the Series 63 exam along with the Series 65 or 66 exams an unlimited number of times, so long as applicable waiting period requirements have been met, according to the North American Securities Administrators Association NASAA , which oversees the test.

After a person fails the Series 63 exam the first time, there is a waiting period of at least 30 days before the second taking of that exam can be scheduled. After a second failed attempt, there is another waiting period of at least 30 days. If an exam is failed three times or more, there is a waiting period of at least days for scheduling each subsequent retaking of the test. Waivers of the day waiting period are granted only rarely. The reason: The test questions are selected at random from an existing database of queries, and if a test is taken enough times, the same questions recur.

The exam then becomes a test of memorization rather than competency. NASAA periodically revises exam questions to reflect recent regulatory changes. Series 63 65, and 66 exam questions are being updated in to reflect the SECURE Act changes to retirement plan rules, along with alterations in the accredited investor definition.

While the time frames for re-dos are the same for the Series 65 and 66 tests, the waiting period applies only to the specific exam a candidate did not pass. FINRA is vested with responsibility for governing business between brokers, dealers, and investors. Series 63 is considered an entry-level exam.

There are 60 multiple-choice questions on the exam. Covering the principles of state securities regulations, the exam was developed to qualify candidates who want to work in the securities industry within a state and to sell investment products , such as mutual funds, variable annuities, and unit investment trusts.

Most states and U.

Your teeth contain several layers. The outer-most layer is the enamel, which helps protect your teeth against wear and tear and prevents bacteria infiltration. The next layer is the dentin. Beneath the dentin lies the pulp. When the enamel starts to wear away, the dentin can be exposed, which may lead to tooth sensitivity and cavities. Dentin becomes exposed if your enamel thins. This can be due to frequent acid-attacks by eating too many sugary foods and drinks too often and not brushing and flossing your teeth every day.

Dentin exposure can also occur due to a thinning of the enamel as we age. In fact, when the enamel starts to thin, it can cause the dentin to be viewable through the enamel, and since dentin tends to appear yellow, you may notice that your teeth are not a white as they were when you were younger.

Dental pulp contains the nerve fiber that interprets everything as pain. Dentin Exposure: Causes and Prevention The best way to avoid sensitivity due to dentin exposure is to prevent practices or conditions leading to enamel erosion. Grinding Cause of Exposure: Teeth grinding, also known as bruxism , can result from stress, malocclusion a misaligned bite , or certain diseases affecting your muscles.

Gum Recession Cause of Exposure : When plaque accumulates along your gingival margin, the edge of the gum that meets your teeth, the result can be gum recession and disease. Prevention: This is where your oral health routine comes into play: Gently brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste. Floss once a day. Schedule twice-annual dental checkups at which your dental professional examines your gums for any recession. Yep, it's that easy!

Overzealous Brushing Cause of Exposure : Using a hard toothbrush and repeatedly scrubbing, especially with abrasive toothpaste, can also scrape off your enamel and expose dentin. Treating Exposed Dentin Once dentin exposure occurs, you'll experience sensitivity ranging from mild yet annoying sensations to brief but intense shooting pains.

Exposed dentin treatments your dentist might suggest include those noted by the American Dental Association ADA : Desensitizing toothpaste : Ask your dentist what toothpaste best blocks tooth nerve sensitivity.

You might have to brush over several days before you notice a sensitivity reduction. Fluoride gel : Your dental professional will administer this gel, which does double duty: It strengthens your tooth enamel and reduces teeth sensitivity. Dental crowns, inlays, or bonding : Your dentist might perform one of these procedures if your sensitivity results from decay or a dental imperfection.

Surgical gum graft : If you lose gum tissue at the root level, a graft can reduce sensitivity while protecting the root. Root canal : If your teeth don't respond to other treatments, this is usually the last resort if you experience severe, persistent tooth sensitivity. Was this article helpful?

Like Neutral. You also might like. The earlier we catch a potential problem, the more effective the solution can be and the healthier we can keep your smile. Dentin is the substance that not only gives your teeth their color, but also supports the structure of the tooth.

The outermost layer of your tooth is the enamel. The translucent enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and protects our teeth from sensitivity. Under the enamel is the dentin, which is much softer than enamel but still supports the structure of the tooth. Toothbrushes with bristles that are too hard, abrasive whitening toothpastes and brushing too forcefully can all damage the enamel and eventually expose the dentin. Gum recession.

Tooth decay. The bacteria in plaque can eat away at the enamel until the dentin is exposed. Here are some best practices: Brush and Floss. Brush twice a day and floss daily. This will help to prevent the gum disease and tooth decay that can lead to exposed dentin. Be Gentle.

Typically, a herniated disc is preceded by an episode of low back pain or a long history of intermittent episodes of low back pain. Pressure on one or several nerves that contribute to the sciatic nerve can cause pain, burning, tingling and numbness that radiates from the buttock into the leg and sometimes into the foot. Usually, one side left or right is affected. This pain often is described as sharp and electric shock-like. It may be more severe with standing, walking or sitting. Straightening the leg on the affected side can often make the pain worse.

Along with leg pain, one may experience low back pain; however, for acute sciatica the pain in the leg is often worse than the pain in the low back. Cervical spine neck : Cervical radiculopathy is the symptoms of nerve compression in the neck, which may include dull or sharp pain in the neck or between the shoulder blades, pain that radiates down the arm to the hand or fingers or numbness or tingling in the shoulder or arm.

The pain may increase with certain positions or movements of the neck. Fortunately, the majority of herniated discs do not require surgery.

The time to improve varies, ranging from a few days to a few weeks. Testing modalities are listed below. The most common imaging for this condition is MRI. Plain x-rays of the affected region are often added to complete the evaluation of the vertebra.

Please note, a disc herniation cannot be seen on plain x-rays. CT scan and myelogram were more commonly used before MRI, but now are infrequently ordered as the initial diagnostic imaging, unless special circumstances exist that warrant their use. An electromyogram is infrequently used. The initial treatment for a herniated disc is usually conservative and nonsurgical.

A doctor may advise the patient to maintain a low, painless activity level for a few days to several weeks. This helps the spinal nerve inflammation to decrease.

Myelograms can show a nerve being pinched by a herniated disc, bony overgrowth, spinal cord tumors, and abscesses.

A CT scan may follow this test. Computed Tomography CT scan is a noninvasive test that uses an X-ray beam and a computer to make 2-dimensional images of your spine. This test is especially useful for confirming which disc is damaged. EMG tests measure the electrical activity of your muscles. Small needles are placed in your muscles, and the results are recorded on a special machine.

NCS is similar, but it measures how well your nerves pass an electrical signal from one end of the nerve to another. These tests can detect nerve damage and muscle weakness.

X-rays view the bony vertebrae in your spine and can tell your doctor if any of them are too close together or whether you have arthritic changes, bone spurs, or fractures. It's not possible to diagnose a herniated disc with this test alone. Conservative nonsurgical treatment is the first step to recovery and may include medication, rest, physical therapy, home exercises, hydrotherapy, epidural steroid injections ESI , chiropractic manipulation, and pain management.

Self care : In most cases, the pain from a herniated disc will get better within a couple days and completely resolve in 4 to 6 weeks. Medication : Your doctor may prescribe pain relievers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications NSAIDs , muscle relaxants, and steroids.

Steroid injections : The procedure is performed under x-ray fluoroscopy and involves an injection of corticosteroids and a numbing agent into the epidural space of the spine. The medicine is delivered next to the painful area to reduce the swelling and inflammation of the nerves Fig.

Repeat injections may be given to achieve the full effect. Duration of pain relief varies, lasting for weeks or years. Physical therapy: The goal of physical therapy is to help you return to full activity as soon as possible and prevent re-injury. Exercise and strengthening exercises are key elements to your treatment and should become part of your life-long fitness. Surgery for a herniated lumbar disc, called a discectomy, may be an option if your symptoms do not significantly improve with conservative treatments.

Surgery may also be recommended if you have signs of nerve damage, such as weakness or loss of feeling in your legs. Microsurgical discectomy : The surgeon makes a 1—2 inch incision in the middle of your back. To reach the damaged disc, the spinal muscles are dissected and moved aside to expose the vertebra.

A portion of the bone is removed to expose the nerve root and disc. The portion of the ruptured disc that touches your spinal nerve is carefully removed using special instruments. Minimally invasive microendoscopic discectomy : The surgeon makes a tiny incision in the back.

Herniated disk The rubbery disks that lie between the vertebrae in your spine consist of a soft center nucleus surrounded by a tougher exterior annulus. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Herniated disc. American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Accessed Aug. Herniated disc. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; Levin K, et al. Acute lumbosacral radiculopathy: Treatment and prognosis.

Herniated disk. Applying cold packs to the painful area when you first start to feel pain can help to numb the nerves and reduce your discomfort. Heating pads and hot baths later can reduce tightness and spasms in the muscles of the lower back so you can move more freely. Learn more about treating pain with cold and heat.

Over-the-counter OTC pain relievers can help to reduce pain and inflammation. These may include:. Take the recommended dosage. Extended bed rest is not recommended for back pain, though taking it easy for a few hours at a time is fine. Otherwise, try to walk around a bit throughout the day and stick to normal daily activities as much as possible, even if it hurts a little.

When your pain starts to subside, gentle exercise and stretches can help you return to normal activities, including work. But make sure to get instructions from your doctor or see a physical therapist to show you safe exercises and stretches for back pain. Spinal manipulation chiropractic , massage, and acupuncture may help relieve pain and discomfort while your back is healing. Make sure the person who provides these services is a licensed professional. Tell them about your ruptured disc so that they can properly treat your condition.

Many people at this stage start thinking about surgery. Injections can provide relief for up to a few months, but the relief will wear off. There are limits on how many injections you can safely have in a given year. Deciding to move forward with surgery is an individual decision.

Your doctor should explain all the pros and cons so that you can make an informed decision that fits your lifestyle. The most common surgery is called diskectomy.

It will also help you take steps to prevent a child from choking. Call This is because the airway can become fully blocked. Encourage the child to cough until the object comes out. Don't do the Heimlich maneuver. The child's cough is better than the Heimlich maneuver. Lay the child down on his or her back on a hard, flat surface such as a table, floor, or the ground. Pinch the nose shut and puff 2 breaths into the mouth. Each breath should last 2 seconds.

Do the Heimlich maneuver with the child lying on his or her back. Kneel at her feet, place the heel of one hand in the middle of her body between the navel and ribs. Put one hand on top of the other and use gentle but firm pressure to give 6 to 10 rapid thrust upward and inward. If the child has no pulse, this means his or her heart has stopped beating. Start CPR see instructions below. Repeat CPR until emergency services arrives, or the child starts breathing.

With the child in the upright position, bend the child forward while holding the child with one hand at the waist. With your free hand, give the child 5 back blows between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand.

Then use fast, short motions to thrust inward and upward giving 5 quick abdominal thrusts. Tap and shout. If no response: Yell for help. If someone arrives tell him to call and to get an AED. Give CPR. Push on the chest 30 times. Get an AED if no one has done this. Give sets of 30 pushes and 2 breaths until the child responds or someone with advanced training takes over. Check the mouth for an object before you give breaths.

NOTE: If thrusts are needed to relieve choking, the child should be seen by a doctor as soon as possible. Young children should not eat the following foods which may cause them to choke:.

Instead, cover their nostrils and mouth with your mouth. Blow in puffs. Place the other hand on top of the first hand and interlock your fingers. Use only one hand for children aged between one and eight. Use two fingers for babies.

Press down firmly and smoothly compressing to one third of chest depth 30 times. Then administer two breaths. Repeat at the rhythm of five cycles in two minutes. Continue CPR and only stop when the ambulance officers take over or the person recovers. Performing first aid on yourself If you are choking: Try to stay calm. Attempt forceful coughing. Lean as far forward as you can. Hold onto something that is firmly anchored, if possible.

Breathe out and then take a deep breath in and cough. This may eject the foreign object. Gravity may cause the object to slip further down your trachea windpipe. Children and choking Treatment for a choking child or baby is slightly different than for an adult.

The most important thing to remember is never to pat or slap your choking child on the back if they are managing to cough. Your actions may dislodge the object and allow it to be inhaled deeper into the airway. Note that in a young child, their struggle to breathe may not last long and the stopping of frantic activity may signal a serious or life-threatening situation, rather than a sign that they have dislodged the blockage. These are signs that the child is in shock. Immediate steps when a child is choking When a child is choking: Immediately check if the child is still able to breathe, cough or cry.

If so, they may be able to dislodge the object by coughing. Do not try to dislodge the object by hitting the child on the back or squeezing the stomach — this may move the object into a more dangerous position and cause the child to stop breathing. Stay with the child and watch to see if their breathing improves. If the child is not breathing easily within a few minutes, call triple zero If, after the coughing settles down, there is any continued noisy breathing or coughing, take the child to see a doctor, as the object may have lodged in the windpipe or airway.

If this is the case, it will need to be removed in hospital using a special instrument. What to do when the child is not breathing If the child is not breathing: For a young child under about five years , place the child face down over your lap so that the head is lower than the chest. For an older child, lay them on their side. Give four sharp blows on the back between the shoulder blades to dislodge the object.

Check again for signs of breathing. If the child is still not breathing, call triple zero and ask for an ambulance. The ambulance service operator will be able to tell you what to do next. You will probably be advised to start expired air resuscitation mouth to mouth while waiting for help.

Do not use the Heimlich manoeuvre squeezing the abdomen or hitting the child in the abdomen unless directed to by the ambulance service operator, as this can cause serious damage to organs in the abdomen. Precautions to prevent children choking Small children are at risk from choking on food and small items such as buttons or beads. Parents can take many precautions to reduce the risk of their child choking. The molars back teeth are used for grinding and mashing foods. Children don't start getting their molars until they are somewhere between 12 and 18 months of age, and it may take a further two years or more until all the molars are through and the child is very good at chewing.

This means they are vulnerable to choking on hard foods such as raw carrot, chunks of apple, lollies, popcorn or peanuts.

Word of the Day have a heart of gold. Blog Outsets and onsets! Read More. November 08, To top. English American Examples Translations. Sign up for free and get access to exclusive content:. Free word lists and quizzes from Cambridge.

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Grammar Thesaurus. Word Lists. Bert Meyers wrote these poems between and Emily is not happy with her new raincoat until she discovers that it is magical, so when her mother trades it to the neighbor who was equally unhappy with her own new raincoat, Emily must think of a way to trade back.

Ryan David, Previously serialized in the New York Times, and now published in book form for the very first time, The Girl in the Green Raincoat is a masterful Hitchcockian thriller from one of the very best in the business: multiple award-winner Laura Laura Lippman, Alongside its bleak portrayal of social instability during economic collapse, Seal Intestine Raincoat unearths the powerful human instincts that convert helpless fear into the desire to adapt.

Rosie Chard, Find out what makes that riff so catchy or that lyric so deep. This guide includes analysis of lyrics, songwriting, historical context, cultural references, and the jaw-dropping stories behind the song and the artist. Shmoop, An overweight woman shares her story of her physical, financial, and emotional struggles, trying to help others to find strength and love as a Christian. Lorrena Bishop, This is a diverse series of short stories that span a period from the 's through to the s.

Elaine Billstrom, Rain brings brisk business for umbrella, raincoat sellers in city. If the traders of raincoat and umbrella market are to be believed, the sales of both products have increased in the city and wholesalers as well as retailers are After talking with the team behind Stutterheim, the Swedish raincoat company to which the tag line belongs, the answer seems to be a bit of both.

Founded in Tacoma woman's raincoat design connects careers of several …. Send us feedback. See more words from the same year. Accessed 12 Nov. More Definitions for raincoat. See the full definition for raincoat in the English Language Learners Dictionary. Nglish: Translation of raincoat for Spanish Speakers. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!

Log in Sign Up. Save Word. Definition of raincoat. Synonyms for raincoat Synonyms mac or mack [ British ], mackintosh also macintosh [ chiefly British ], oilskin , slicker , waterproof [ chiefly British ] Visit the Thesaurus for More.

This factor can compromise the security of the workgroup environment, and in a network with multiple SIDs of the same computer, it can also compromise the security of removable media. Requests from the Windows community have prompted multiple companies to develop programs that can change the computer's SID after cloning the system.

It is a free Win32 program, which means it can be easily run on previously cloned systems. NET Server. Version 4. Version 3. The symptom of this program defect is that when an authorized user updates the account information, an error message reports that access permission is denied. Without this solution, NewSID will exit prematurely. Version 1. It has also been updated to change the SID associated with permission settings for file and printer sharing.

One of the most common methods for performing large-scale Windows deployments typically hundreds of computers in an enterprise environment is based on disk cloning technology.

The system administrator can install the basic operating system and additional software used by the company on the sample computer. After configuring the computer to operate in the company network, you can use automated disks or system replication tools such as Symantec's Ghost , PowerQuest's Image Drive, and Altiris' RapiDeploy to copy the sample computer's drives to dozens or hundreds On the computer.

Then, make final adjustments such as assigning unique names to these cloned computers and then use them by company employees. Another popular deployment method is to use the Microsoft sysdiff utility part of the Windows Resource Kit. This tool requires the system administrator to perform a full installation on each computer usually an unattended script installation , and then sysdiff automatically applies the additional software installation image. Due to reasons such as skipping installations and disk sector copying is more efficient than file copying, clone-based deployment can save tens of hours of time compared to similar sysdiff installations.

In addition, system administrators do not need to understand how to use unattended installation or sysdiff , nor do they need to create and debug installation scripts. This alone can save hours of work. The problem with cloning is that it only has very limited support from Microsoft. Microsoft has stated that it only supports obtaining a clone system before reaching the GUI part of the Windows installer. When the installation reaches this step, the computer will be assigned a name and a unique computer SID.

If the system was cloned after completing this step, all cloned computers will have the exact same computer SID. Please note that only changing the computer name or adding the computer to a different domain does not change the computer SID. If the computer was previously associated with a domain, you can only change the domain SID when changing the name or domain.

To understand the problems that cloning can cause, you first need to understand how to assign SIDs to various local accounts on your computer. The RID starts at a fixed value and increases by 1 for each account created. At this point we spent some time discussing SIDs. After trying a number of actions to sort the sync issue, it was resolved by uninstalling and reinstalling the sync client as before.

It looks like it may be best to uninstall the OneDrive client app before cloning as an unavoidable and necessary step, but it was this experience that had me wonder whether changing the SID could be worth considering simply to introduce a difference - Not a GUID, as you say, but at least not identical to other machines on the network. I personally wouldn't bother with using a third-party utility to change the SID. The other possibility of course is that Mark's article is still generally applicable but that there are some applications for which a unique SID or detection of a SID change actually matters to them, especially applications that may have been released since that article was written a while ago.

In that case, you may find that in your own use case, SID changes aren't necessary if as long as you take some additional steps, but that doesn't guarantee that they won't be necessary for someone else's application set.

But you may also find that in some case where a SID change is necessary, differences in the behavior of a third-party SID change utility compared to sysprep will make the difference between success and failure. CopyProfile has become a nightmare on Windows I've tested it on all releases of Windows 10, and the only one where it worked almost perfectly was Win10 , but even there the Quick Access icons were broken because their paths pointed to the Administrator profile folder, not the user's own folders.

In newer versions, using that has caused things like Windows Search to be completely broken on new profiles. Manually deleting certain cache files before sysprepping has has sometimes worked around that, but that's not confidence-inspiring and shouldn't be necessary.

I think I remember a TechNet article saying that CopyProfile was no longer recommended on newer versions of Windows 10, which would explain the havoc it induces, but I do miss that feature.

It looks like Microsoft's proposed replacement is to export a custom Start menu layout as described here , which is what I've been using since then and which does work. As for getting sysprep just right, I'll typically build it in a VM and then take a VM snapshot just before running sysprep, then sysprep and reboot so I can see what happens when the system goes through the new system setup. If it doesn't configure itself the way I want, then I can revert to that snapshot to get right back to the way the system was before it was sysprepped, and try tweaking my unattend file or whatever.

Merge Selected. Merge into selected topic Merge into merge target Merge into a specific topic ID Post Quoted Reply. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.

I'm setting up some Virtual PC images. I want to customize the machine with some pre-installed tools and then use this as a base for creating new machines. When's the appropriate time for use and the contrast between them? Sysprep includes the functionality of NewSID.

It 'preps' the WIndows installation for imaging by stripping machine-specific things like the Machine name and SID from the installation. NewSid seems to have some issues.

I am aware that with Windows Sharepoint Services 3. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Collectives on Stack Overflow. Learn more.

At one time, a major analytical technique was gravimetric analysis. An ion would be precipitated out of solution, purified, and weighed to determine the amount of that ion in the original material. Although this approach can be very accurate atomic weights for many elements were determined this way , the process is slow, tedious, and prone to a number of errors in technique. Newer methods are now available that measure minute amounts of calcium ions in solution without the long, involved gravimetric approach.

Ionic compounds have widely differing solubilities. Salts of alkali metals tend to be quite soluble. On the other end of the spectrum, the solubility of zinc hydroxide is only 4. Many ionic compounds containing hydroxide are relatively insoluble.

Most ionic compounds that are considered to be insoluble will still dissolve to a small extent in water. If you know of another definition of KSP, please contact us. We will include it during next update of our database. Please be informed that some of our acronyms and their definitions are created by our visitors. Therefore, your suggestion of new acronyms is highly welcome! You can further scroll down and click the language menu to find meanings of KSP in other 42 languages.

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