Haremhab Ramesses I Seti I Merneptah Amenmesse Siptah Ramesses III Ramesses IV Hight Priests HP of Amun.
HP Herihor. Third Intermediate Period. HP Djedkhonsefankh. HP Painedjem II. Dynasty 22 Libyan. Late Period. Dynasty 25 Nubian. Piye establishes Nubian Dynasty in Egypt. Shabaqo Shebitqo Taharqo loses control of Lower Egypt Tanutamani loses control of Upper Egypt. Dynasty 26 Saite. Psamtik I X. Apries Amasis Dynasty 27 Persian. Nectanebo II Artaxerxes III Ochus. Darius III Codoman.
Macedonian Period. Tens of thousands of people celebrated in Tahrir Square, chanting "the people and the army are one hand" as helicopters flew overhead. Before he was detained, Morsi rejected what he called a "complete military coup".
He died in prison in while on trial. Muslim Brotherhood supporters and others opposed to the military's actions held protests throughout Egypt, but security forces confronted them with deadly force. Human rights groups said up to protesters were killed in Cairo's Rabaa al-Adawiya and al-Nahda squares on 14 August The government said many protesters were armed, and that a number of police were also killed. The crackdown on the Brotherhood continued afterwards, with the group's leaders and thousands of its supporters arrested and the organisation once again banned in Egypt.
Many were later handed death sentences or lengthy prison terms at mass trials that activists said violated fundamental due process rights. In January , Gen Sisi was promoted to field marshal, Egypt's highest army rank, and received the military's blessing for a presidential run.
Two months later, he announced his retirement from the military and launched his election campaign. Under the slogan "Long Live Egypt", he outlined an ambitious plan to develop agriculture, housing, education and impoverished areas and boost employment. On his plans to combat poverty, he pledged that Egyptians would see a better standard of living within two years.
He called on the private and public sectors to help the poor by opting for "lower profit margins", otherwise the army itself would offer high quality goods at lower prices. However, the standard of living for many in Egypt actually declined during President Sisi's first term in office. The devaluation of Egypt's currency in and the withdrawal of fuel and other subsidies to meet the terms of a deal with the International Monetary Fund IMF affected Egyptians' spending power.
The government said its actions were necessary to attract investment and help restore the economy, which suffered considerably with the drop in tourism that followed the revolution.
But many questioned whether the money for those and other projects could have been better used improving infrastructure and public services at a time when many Egyptians were struggling to make ends meet. One of President Sisi's biggest challenges has been the security situation in the Sinai Peninsula, which borders Gaza and Israel and is home to Egypt's most active jihadist militants.
Although the army launched a security offensive in Sinai shortly after Morsi was ousted, the situation continued to deteriorate, with one local jihadist group pledging allegiance to the Islamic State group in The group, known as Sinai Province, has mainly attacked military targets. But it also claimed it was behind the downing of a Russian passenger jet over the Sinai peninsula in October , killing all people on board.
In late , the president launched a new military campaign against militants killed more than people in a bomb and gun attack on a mosque in northern Sinai. The atmosphere surrounding the presidential election was very different from the fervour of previous elections.
Opposition groups called for a boycott and human rights groups described the vote as "farcical" after three other contenders dropped out and another, a former military chief, was arrested. The following year, controversial constitutional amendments were passed following a referendum. This pyramid, in which Djoser was buried, was the first structure to realise the iconic step design.
The monumental structure is a testament to the bewildering sophistication of Egyptian architecture and, remarkably, remained the tallest man-made structure in the world for the best part of 4, years. It was conceived by Khufu as his stairway to heaven and the means of its construction remains something of a mystery to this day. Only the second woman to assume the role of pharaoh, Hatshepsut was the wife of Thutmose II and reigned in the Eighteenth Dynasty. Her step-son Thutmose III was just two years old when his father died in and so Hatshepsut soon took on the role of pharaoh though Thutmose III also technically ruled as co-regent.
Hatshepsut shored up her legitimacy as pharaoh by claiming that her mother was visited by the deity Amon-Ra while pregnant with her, thus signalling her divinity. She took to the role of pharaoh and proved an accomplished ruler, re-establishing important trade routes and overseeing extended periods of peace. Thutmose III dedicated himself to military training while his step-mother was pharaoh, only taking over the role of main ruler when Hatshepsut died in Thutmose III never lost a battle and his military exploits won him the respect of his subjects and, for many, a status as the greatest ever pharaoh.
At the same time he changed his name, he ordered a new capital city to be built. As well as being the wife of an Anicent Egyptian Pharoah, Nerfititi was made famous by her limestone bust.
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